Chapter 15 The Special Senses
Module 15.1 Overview of the Special Senses Learning Outcomes
Module 15.5 Physiology of Vision Learning Outcomes
Notes
Knowledge sheets
Module 15.1 Overview of the Special Senses Learning Outcomes
- Describe the basic process of sensory transduction.
- Compare and contrast the general senses with the special senses.
- Describe and identify the location of olfactory receptors.
- Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors.
- Describe the path of action potentials from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the
brain.
- Describe the location and structure of taste buds.
- Explain how chemicals dissolved in saliva activate gustatory receptors.
- Trace the path of action potentials from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the
brain. - Summarize the five primary taste sensations.
- Discuss the structure and functions of the accessory structures of the eye.
- Describe the innervation and actions of the extrinsic eye muscles.
- Identify and describe the three layers of the eyeball.
- Describe the structure of the retina.
Module 15.5 Physiology of Vision Learning Outcomes
- Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
- Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
- Compare the functions of rods and cones in vision.
- Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of action
potentials from the retina to various parts of the brain. - Explain the processes of light and dark adaptation.
- Describe the structure and function of the outer and middle ear.
- Discuss the role of the pharyngotympanic tube in draining and equalizing pressure in the
middle ear. - Describe the structure and function of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals in
the inner ear.
- Describe how the structures of the outer, middle, and inner ear function in hearing.
- Trace the path of sound conduction from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear.
- Trace the path of action potentials from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.
- Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of the pitch and loudness of
sounds.
- Distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium.
- Describe the structure of the maculae, and explain their function in static equilibrium.
- Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris, and explain its function in dynamic
equilibrium.
- Summarize the pathways for each of the special senses.
- Describe how the frontal lobe and limbic system integrate the signals from the special
senses into a meaningful picture of a situation.
Notes
Knowledge sheets