Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 19 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels

 
Module 18.1 Overview of Arteries and Veins
Learning Outcomes

1. Compare and contrast the structures of arteries and veins, and of arterioles and venules.
2. Define vascular anastomosis, and explain the significance of anastomoses.

1. Describe the factors that influence blood flow, blood pressure, and peripheral resistance.
2. Explain the relationships between vessel diameter, cross-sectional area, blood pressure, and blood velocity.
3. Explain how blood pressure varies in different parts of the systemic and pulmonary circuits.
4. Describe how blood pressure changes in the arteries, capillaries, and veins.
5. Explain how mean arterial pressure is calculated.
6. Describe the mechanisms that assist in the return of venous blood to the heart.

1. Describe the role of arterioles in regulating tissue blood flow and systemic arterial blood pressure.
2. Describe the local, hormonal, and neural factors that affect and regulate blood pressure.
3. Explain the main effects and importance of the baroreceptor reflex.
4. Explain how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems maintain blood flow to tissues via the chemoreceptor reflex.
5. Describe common causes and treatments for hypertension.

1. Describe the different types of capillaries, and explain how their structure relates to their function.
2. Explain the roles of diffusion, filtration, and osmosis in capillary exchange.
3. Describe how autoregulation controls blood flow to tissues.

1. Describe hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure.
2. Explain how net filtration pressure across the capillary wall determines fluid movement across that wall.
3. Explain how changes in hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure may cause edema.

1. Describe the patterns of arterial blood flow for the head and neck, the thoracic cavity, the abdominopelvic cavity, and the upper and lower limbs.
2. Identify major arteries of the systemic circuit.
3. Identify the major pulse points.

1. Describe the patterns of venous blood drainage for the head and neck, the thoracic cavity, the abdominopelvic cavity, and the upper and lower limbs.
2. Identify major veins of the systemic circuit.
3. Describe the structure and function of the hepatic portal system.

1. Describe the general pathway of blood flow through the body.
2. Identify the arteries and veins of the body.