Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 19 Blood

 
Module 19.1 Overview of Blood
Learning Outcomes

1. Describe the major components of blood.
2. Describe the basic functions of blood.
3. Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions, and where in the body they are produced.

1. Describe the structure and function of erythrocytes.
2. Describe the structure and function of hemoglobin, as well as its breakdown products.
3. Explain the basic process of erythropoiesis and its regulation through erythropoietin.
4. Describe the causes and symptoms of anemia.

1. Compare and contrast the relative prevalence and morphological features of the five types of leukocytes.
2. Describe the functions for each of the five major types of leukocytes.
3. Discuss the difference in leukopoiesis of granulocytes and agranulocytes.

1. Explain how platelets differ structurally from the other formed elements of blood.
2. Discuss the role of the megakaryocyte in the formation of platelets.

1. Distinguish between the terms hemostasis and coagulation.
2. Describe the process of hemostasis, including the vascular phase, the formation of the platelet plug, and the formation of fibrin.
3. Explain the differences between the intrinsic/contact activation and extrinsic/tissue factor clotting cascades.
4. Describe the role of calcium ions and vitamin K in blood clotting.
5. Explain how the positive feedback loops in the platelet and coagulation phases promote hemostasis.
6. Discuss the process of thrombolysis.

1. Explain the role of surface antigens on erythrocytes in determining blood groups.
2. Describe the type of antigen and the type of antibodies present in each ABO and Rh blood type.
3. Explain the differences between the development of anti-Rh antibodies and the development of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
4. Predict which blood types are compatible, and explain what happens when the incorrect ABO or Rh blood type is transfused.
5. Explain why blood type O- is the universal donor and type AB+ is the universal recipient.